Center for Biofilm Engineering
Abstract:
"Acute Septic Arthritis"
02-045 Acute septic arthritis may develop as a
result of hematogenous seeding, direct introduction, or extension from a
contiguous focus of infection. The pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis is
multifactorial and depends on the interaction of the host immune response and
the adherence factors, toxins, and immunoavoidance strategies of the invading
pathogen. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus are used in
discussing the host-pathogen interaction in the pathogenesis of acute septic
arthritis. While diagnosis rests on isolation of the bacterial species from
synovial fluid samples, patient history, clinical presentation, laboratory
findings, and imaging studies are also important. Acute nongonococcal septic
arthritis is a medical emergency that can lead to significant morbidity and
mortality. Therefore, prompt recognition, rapid and aggressive antimicrobial
therapy, and surgical treatment are critical to ensuring a good prognosis. Even
with prompt diagnosis and treatment, high mortality and morbidity rates still
occur. In contrast, gonococcal arthritis is often successfully treated with
antimicrobial therapy alone and demonstrates a very low rate of complications
and an excellent prognosis for full return of normal joint function. In the case
of prosthetic joint infections, the hardware must be eventually removed by a
two-stage revision in order to cure the infection.
Shirtliff, M.E. and J.T. Mader, "Acute Septic Arthritis," Clin. Microbiol. Rev.,
15(4):527-544 (2002).
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