Biofilm growth in porous media is difficult to study non-invasively due to the opaqueness and heterogeneity of the systems. Magnetic resonance is utilized to non-invasively study water dynamics within porous media. Displacement-relaxation correlation experiments were performed on fluid flow during biofilm growth in a model porous media of mono-dispersed polystyrene beads.

The Kalman filter is a technique for estimating a time-varying state given a dynamical model for and indirect
measurements of the state. It is used, for example, on the control problems associated with a variety of navigation
systems. Even in the case of nonlinear state and/or measurement models, standard implementations
require only linear algebra. However, for sufficiently large-scale problems, such as arise in weather forecasting
and oceanography, the matrix inversion and storage requirements of the Kalman filter are prohibitive,

We develop a tricomponent (ternary) hydrodynamic model for multiphase flows of biomass and solvent mixtures, which we employ to simulate biofilm. In this model, the three predominant effective components in biofilms, which are the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) network, the bacteria, and the effective solvent (consisting of the solvent and nutrient, etc.), are modeled explicitly. The tricomponent fluid mixture is assumed incompressible as a whole, while intercomponent mixing, dissipation, and conversion are allowed among the effective components.

The extent to which T₂ relaxation measurements can be used to determine biofouling in several natural geological sand media
using a low-field (275 kHz, 6.5 mT) NMR system has been demonstrated. It has been previously shown that, at high laboratory

We consider the mathematical model of dynamic antimicrobial action against bacterial biofilms. A mixture model is used in which the biofilm consisting of live and dead bacteria is modeled as one fluid component, while the solvent containing biocide is modeled as the other, and each component is represented by its volume fraction. The whole system is assumed to be an incompressible fluid and the velocity is governed by the Navier–Stokes equation. Biocide kills the live bacteria and its transport is governed by an advection–reaction–diffusion equation.

Measurement of displacement time and length scale dependent dynamics by pulsed gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media directly provides the preasymptotic hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient. This allows for comparison with nonequilibrium statistical mechanics models of hydrodynamics dispersion in porous media. Preasymptotic dispersion data and models provide characterization of porous media structure length scales relevant to transport and are related to the permeability
and sample heterogeneity.

Long-term research on freshwater ecosystems provides insights that can be difficult to obtain from other approaches. Widespread monitoring of ecologically relevant water-quality parameters spanning decades can facilitate important tests of ecological principles. Unique long-term data sets and analytical tools are increasingly available, allowing for powerful and synthetic analyses across sites.

Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation and diffusion correlation measurements and imaging provide a means to non-invasively monitor gelation for biotechnology applications. In this study, MR is used to characterize physical gelation of three alginates with distinct chemical structures; an algal alginate, which is not O-acetylated but contains poly guluronate (G) blocks, bacterial alginate from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which does not have poly-G blocks, but is O-acetylated at the C2 and/or C3 of the mannuronate residues, and alginate from a P.